Open-Source Project

Community-Driven

High Availability, Stability

Ultimate Performance,

Developer Friendly

Go for Apache APISIX

Looking for the best API Gateway?

Companies choose Apache APISIX as their API gateway after comparing it with Kong. Not only because Apache APISIX is faster, but also the experience is excellent.

Apache APISIX vs Kong:


## Background

In recent years, many well-known online conferencing software came into being with the development of online meetings and remote working. The typical one, Zoom, has become a popular meeting tool for home office, online teaching, and social scenarios. It has 350 million daily meeting participants and nearly 470,000 paying business customers using the platform. Furthermore, recent data shows that the amount of minutes used for meeting facilitation has reached more than 3.3 trillion per year.

However, like other SaaS and internet companies, Zoom has encountered technical challenges as its business rapidly expands.

- **A significant number of microservices**: Due to Zoom’s rapid growth of business and teams, over 100 backend services need to be delivered. However, it is hard to manage a large number of microservices efficiently.

- **Various deployment environments**: SaaS enterprises often encounter scenarios where customers must deploy on dedicated clouds, private clouds, and multi-clouds. Zoom’s business services are all over the world, so there are technical challenges with a large number of hybrid cloud environments.

- **Complex infrastructure**: Medium-and-large-sized internet enterprises generally have dedicated infrastructure teams responsible for API gateways, configuration centers, key management, logs, monitoring alarms, databases, etc.
As that Zoom’s managing R&D teams are distributed globally, it is a great challenge to integrate these complex middleware and infrastructure into the continuous delivery pipeline.

**The above challenges are not a simple additive relationship but a multiplicative relationship. In other words, the actual situation is far more complex.** However, the open-source tools that Zoom used previously can no longer meet Zoom’s current requirements. That’s why a reliable continuous delivery pipeline is so important.

Below are detailed reasons why Zoom did not continue to choose these previous open-source tools.

| Helm/Kustomize  | Terraform/Pulumi  | KubeVela + Crossplane  |
| ------------ | ------------ | ------------ |
| Unable to connect systems except Kubernetes  | Difficult to use Terraform in the Kubernetes and the middleware layers unless developing extra Providers  | Too brand-new technology stack with fast update, not safe and stable enough to be adopted in the production environment  |
| Difficult to centrally control the platform in the Git sub-repository mode  | Increase the cost of learning another configuration management language: hcl  | Kubevela’s definition of Trait + Cuelang templates and its programming expression capabilities are not enough to cover various non-cloud-native middleware platforms outside the Kubernetes system  |
| Difficult to maintain and debug due to Helm Chart Template’s complex logic  | Mono Repo centralized control mode is unsuitable for bulk teams  | /  |
| Not powerful parameter system to manage dynamic parameters in a large number of environments  | /  | /  |

Due to the limitation of the above open-source tools, Zoom finally investigated some mainstream solutions for building the underlying continuous delivery pipeline.

After a few rounds of comparison and verification, Zoom ultimately chose APISIX Ingress Controller to support its new continuous delivery pipeline.

## Apache APISIX Ingress Controller

### What is Apache APISIX Ingress Controller?

[Apache APISIX Ingress Controller](https://github.com/apache/apisix-ingress-controller) is a cloud-native ingress controller that uses Apache APISIX as the data plane to carry traffic and extends the functionality of Kubernetes utilizing CRD (CustomResourceDefinition). It is responsible for interacting with the Kubernetes API server, applying for role-based access control (RBAC), monitoring changes, implementing object conversion within the Ingress controller, comparing the changes, and then synchronizing to Apache APISIX. Moreover, it can support custom resources, including APISIX Route, APISIX Upstream, and other native ingresses of Kubernetes, to control external traffic to access services deployed in Kubernetes.

Below is the [Timing Diagram of APISIX Ingress Controller](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/ingress-controller/design/#timing-diagram).

![Timing Diagram of APISIX Ingress](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/10/27/635a5613af56a.jpeg)

## Why Zoom Chooses APISIX Ingress Controller?

According to the above background, here comes the question: what kind of continuous delivery pipeline does Zoom want to build, and how does it adopt APISIX Ingress to establish its underlying continuous delivery pipeline?

Zoom previously used NGINX as an API gateway. However, with the rapid development of business and the increase in microservices, the current NGINX solution’s limitations are becoming more apparent.

Different teams must maintain NGINX separately, and thousands of lines of NGINX configuration files make maintenance difficult. Besides, NGINX cannot quickly scale when deploying many lines on the cloud server. About NGINX’s reloading mode, you can check [this blog](https://api7.ai/blog/how-nginx-reload-work). Zoom’s businesses began to evolve towards Ingress Controller.

The API Gateway team researched some open-source solutions. After simulating migration and analysis of actual business configuration in NGINX and a large number of benchmark tests of performance and plugin ecological comparison, Zoom finally chooses the Apache Software Foundation’s APISIX Ingress Controller project, exploring a more advanced Cloud-Native gateway.

Taking its business scenarios into consideration, Zoom attached more emphasis to below two parts, which can be satisfied by APISIX Ingress.

- **Data Security**: Zoom takes customer privacy and service security seriously; thus, mTLS authentication and verification are widely used in online meeting rooms and phone calls. Nevertheless, many similar API gateways can only provide such a service in their enterprise version, while APISIX Ingress provides great feasibility and convenience to achieve this goal.

- **Service Stability**: Zoom’s backend services require Multi-AZ (Multi-Availability Zones) deployments for high availability across different regions. Generally, it puts businesses in other DC. If an error occurs in the original DC, the client traffic needs to be transformed to another one, in which APISIX Ingress can successfully meet the requirement.

### Features of Apache APISIX Ingress Controller

Taking Apache APISIX as its data plane to carry business traffic, Apache APISIX Ingress Controller inherits the following advantages from Apache APISIX.

- **High Performance and Stability**: As a high-performance dynamic open-source API gateway, Apache APISIX is resilient and stable in its performance, being used in many [large-scale traffic scenarios of enterprises](https://apisix.apache.org/blog/tags/case-studies/).

- **Active Community**: As a top-level and the most active open-source API gateway project, Apache APISIX possesses an active community and has maintained an excellent growth rate from the first day.

- **Rich Ecosystem**: Apache APISIX supports L7 protocols, including HTTP(S), HTTP2, Dubbo, IoT protocol MQTT, etc. In addition, APISIX supports L4 protocols such as TCP/UDP. In addition, full support of ARM64 is supported in Apache APISIX 3.0.

- **Multiple Plugins**: There are almost 100 plugins released from the APISIX official that users can use by simple drag. The hot reloading and dynamic orchestration of plugins provide users with great convenience.

In addition, the APISIX Ingress Controller also has the following unique advantages:

- **Good Compatibility**: APISIX Ingress Controller supports multiple versions of ingress resources and can be compatible with different Kubernetes versions.

- **Dynamic Update**: There is no need to reload service when modifying routes, certificates, and other configurations, ensuring the smooth operation of the business.

- **Flexible Scaling**: Since the APISIX Ingress Controller adopts a structure that separates the control plane and the data plane, the data plane cluster of Apache APISIX can be expanded independently without scaling the APISIX Ingress Controller.

![APISIX Ingress Controller Architecture](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/10/27/635a56148940c.jpeg)

- **Friendly to Operation and Maintenance**: Under the current architecture, users can choose to deploy the data plane APISIX cluster in the Kubernetes cluster or the physical bare-metal machine environment according to the actual situation. Furthermore, due to the architectural separation of the APISIX ingress, the APISIX on the data plane carries the traffic while the APISIX ingress controller is the control plane component. Therefore, the APISIX Ingress Controller’s failure will not impact business traffic.

After the gateway selection was completed, the API Gateway team faced a new challenge: how to migrate the original API gateway configuration of hundreds of services to APISIX Ingress? Zoom’s Infrastructure team was developing the continuous delivery pipeline, which can significantly reduce the migration cost of converting from nginx.conf and other Ingress configurations to APISIX Ingress.

## The Process and Functions of Building the Continuous Delivery Pipeline

### Zoom’s Continuous Delivery Pipeline

The continuous delivery pipeline is an end-to-end application delivery system that implements a single model for declaring all application delivery requirements and arranging and executing all continuous delivery steps in one line.

![Zoom's Continuous Delivery Pipeline](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/10/27/635a56149b270.jpg)

There are six parts in the continuous delivery pipeline:

1. **Prepare**: prepare preset resources, including infrastructure, middleware, cloud service resources, etc.;

2. **Config**: prepare the configuration files and keys required by the application;

3. **Deploy**: use K8s for deployment in cloud-native scenarios (including information about containers, container images, parameters, versions, and instances);

4. **Access**: create a Kubernetes Service and automatically configure the routing rules of the Apache APISIX Ingress if the deployment requires external access;

5. **Observe**: Perform observability-related configurations, such as monitoring, alarming, logging, and tracing analysis;

6. **Scale**: Declare KEDA (Kubernetes Event-driven Autoscaling)’s dynamic scaling rules through monitoring metrics.

### How to Adopt APISIX Ingress in the Pipeline

![Zoom's Pipeline Architecture Overview](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/10/27/635a5616254ed.jpg)

**Project Management**

Project Managers pay more attention to R&D iterations and how to better manage the iterative release progress and personnel efficiency on the timeline corresponding to the iterations. Zoom uses a GitOps workflow internally to build API Gateway configuration into the application delivery model. Under this model, the definition of APISIX routing rules is integrated with “Deploy” and other links, handing over the change control to GitHub. With the creation and merging of GitHub branches, the pipeline realizes consistent timelines between application and gateway configuration release and rollback.

```yaml
# Code Snippet of Zoom's CD Pipeline in Git Repositary
deploy:
  type: Deployment
  replicas: ~{ replicas, 2 }
  version: "latest"
  containers:
    - name: my-app
      image: "busybox"
      command: "echo 'Demo' && sleep 99d"
access:
  - protocol: https
    host: my-domain.my-org.com
    cert: my-tls-cert
    apisix:
      routes:
        http:
          - name: my-api
            authentication:
              # ......
            match:
              paths:
                - /my-api/*
```

This way simplifies release management into workflow management within GitHub and solves the problem of the time lag between upstream and downstream systems matching changes when multiple iterations process simultaneously.

**Application Development**

Developers mainly focus on APIs’ routing and authentication capabilities, which are strongly related to business services and should be filled in by developers to achieve the automatic effect. In addition, they pay attention to developing and implementing business functions and the upper-level business, hoping to build an out-of-the-box infrastructure.

From the above-mentioned codes, we can see developers only need to define `Authentication` and `Match` in this continuous delivery pipeline. They do not need to know the underlying logic:

- First, translate it into Kubernetes Deployment and Service.
- Then, call the platform API to verify the path’s correctness.
- Last, translate it into ApisixRoute objects.

Integrating APISIX’s configuration and the continuous delivery pipeline workflow provides developers with a more labor-saving way.

**Environment Management**

Complex environmental management and control requirements often occur in toB scenarios, and delivery issues in some private cloud, dedicated cloud, and hybrid cloud scenarios must be considered.

Some configurations of APISIX ingress were implemented to meet the requirement of shielding environmental differences. In this way, system managers can comprehensively control the differences in some heterogeneous environments. All services deployed to the environment are effective, avoiding the cognitive burden and special deployment operations caused by environmental differences to application and ops developers. For example, Zoom can use customized configuration to disable tracing for some environments, convert ApisixRoute objects to native Ingress objects and NGINX Ingress Annotation, and use different images to pull secrets.

Furthermore, multi-tenant isolation is required when multiple lines of business are using the APISIX environment. **APISIX Ingress provides an Annotation selector** that enables different ApisixRoute objects to be picked up by other instances of the APISIX Ingress Controller.

**Infrastructure Management**

The API Gateway team need to control all APISIX instances, configure security policies comprehensively, implement multi-availability zones, and so on.

Each plugin of the pipeline provides configuration items for infrastructure engineers. In the plugin `ingress-apisix`, there is a `defaultPlugins` property.

After the API gateway team configures the property, the setting will take effect for all the services, which is suitable for a unified security and risk control strategy.

## Conclusion

APISIX Ingress Controller plays an important role in Zoom’s continuous delivery pipeline, releasing the pressure on project management, application development, environment management, and middleware and infrastructure management. The case of Zoom is worth learning for other companies, and we look forward to APISIX Ingress Controller contributing to the innovation of more companies.

Besides, Apache APISIX Ingress officially released V1.5 in August 2022, which unifies the proposal of all resource API Versions and upgrades all CRD API Versions to V2. At the same time, it supports most of the Gateway API resources. Apache APISIX Ingress has enabled Ingress resources to use arbitrary APISIX plugins by adding a new Annotation “k8s.apisix.apache.org/plugin-config-name” to Ingress resources. In this way, it will significantly increase the ease of use of the APISIX Ingress Controller and reduce the cost for users to migrate from other Ingress Controllers to APISIX Ingress Controller.

For further information, please check [Apache APISIX Ingress V1.5](https://apisix.apache.org/blog/2022/08/05/apisix-ingress-1.5rc1-release/).


Zoom intergrates APISIX Ingress Controller in its continuous delivery pipeline to realize the overall management of project, application, environment and infrastructure management.

How Does Zoom Use APISIX Ingress in Its Continuous Delivery Pipeline?


## Overview

### Challenges

1. Large traffic results in tons of CPU IDLE too-low alerts daily.
2. Too many components depend on the system architecture.
3. High O&M (Operation and Maintenance) cost.

### Goals

1. Choose an outperformed API gateway to match iQIYI's requirements.
2. Minimize the migration cost.
3. Find some API gateway with an active community and healthy ecosystem.
4. Build a brand-new API gateway to fit the cloud-native trend.

### Results

1. Performance improved **10x** than before, undertaking **millions of QPS daily**.
2. Easily Supported **over 9,000 API online business projects**.
3. Successfully realized the data disaster recovery of **multiple sites and levels China-wide**.

## What happened behind iQIYI?

Cong He, the senior R&D engineer of [iQIYI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IQIYI), shared a speech at the Apache APISIX Meetup in Shanghai recently. He works in the IIG infrastructure department's computing cloud team and is in charge of the development of gateway and Ops work in iQIYI. Let's get into his speech and iQIYI's API gateway story to have a better understanding of Apache APISIX.

Being founded on April 22, 2010, by Baidu, the company behind China's largest online search engine, [**iQIYI**](https://www.iq.com/?lang=en_us) is currently one of the largest online video sites in the world, with nearly 6 billion hours spent on its service each month and over 500 million monthly active users.

iQIYI used to develop its own API gateway called Skywalker, a custom development based on Kong. Skywalker needs to handle massive traffic nowadays, and **its daily peak of the gateway service could reach a million QPS and thousands of API routes**. However, this product's shortcomings have begun to show up gradually.

1. The gateway performance no longer satisfies iQIYI's requirements, and it receives tons of CPU IDLE too-low alerts daily due to massive traffic.
2. There are too many component dependencies on the system architecture.
3. O&M (Operation and Maintenance) cost is too high.

After taking over this project this year, Cong started investigating similar gateway products to resolve the above issues and difficulties and finally found Apache APISIX.

## How Does Apache APISIX Outpaces Kong

Before choosing Apache APISIX, iQIYI had already started using Kong, but they abandoned it later.

### Why abandon Kong?

After actual practice with Kong, Cong demonstrates why his team abandoned Kong. Below are several of Kong's core disadvantages.

1. Kong's routes use traversal queries, which are not fast.
2. Kong's Postgres database results in bloated deployment, low-efficient synchronization, and low availability.
3. The code is high in the coupling.

### Why choose APISIX?

> "We compared the performance between Apache APISIX and Kong during the investigation, and surprisingly found **Apache APISIX was 10 times better than Kong in terms of performance optimization**. We also compared Apache APISIX to some other major gateway products, and **Apache APISIX's response latency is always more than 50% lower than other products**. Furthermore, Apache APISIX can still run stably even if the CPU usage reaches more than 70%. APISIX is really amazing!" Cong said.

Both Apache APISIX and Kong were developed based on OpenRestry at the technical level, which brings a relatively low migration cost. Besides, Apache APISIX has excellent adaptability that can be easily deployed on many different environments, including cloud computing platforms.

> "Meanwhile, we also found Apache APISIX is a highly active open-source project that resolves issues very quickly. Its cloud-native framework also aligns with our company's follow-up plans. Thus, we chose Apache APISIX as our API gateway."

## iQIYI's API Gateway Architecture Innovation after Using APISIX

After choosing the great API gateway, iQIYI began to establish its new API gateway architecture, which is shown below, including the domain name, gateway, service instances, and monitoring alarm.

![iQIYI's API Gateway Architecture Diagram](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/12/02/6389647220deb.jpeg)

DPVS is an open-source project developed based on LVS by iQIYI. Hubble monitoring alarm is also a deep custom development based on an open-source project, and some optimizations on Consul's performance and high usability were made.

### Achievement 1: Improved the data and control planes for cluster and service management

The data plane is mainly oriented to frontend users, and the entire architecture from LB to gateway has multi-site and multi-link deployments for disaster recovery, thus that **users can access their nearest data center**.

For the control plane, there exists a microservice platform to **manage multiple clusters and services**. The microservice platform allows users to experience one-stop service without submitting tickets, **saving a significant amount of time**. At the backend, the gateway controller mainly controls the configuration of all APIs, such as API creation and plugins, while the service controller **handles registration, cancellation, and health check**.

![microservice-gateway.webp](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/21/637b4c61c02c0.webp)

### Achievement 2: Added more features: security control, rate-limiting, and monitoring

iQIYI implemented some basic functionalities in API architecture like rate-limiting, authentication, alarm, monitor, etc., after adjusting to [Apache APISIX](https://github.com/apache/apisix).

The first part is about HTTPS. For security control, iQIYI doesn't store any certificates or keys at gateway servers but on a dedicated remote server. However, it was difficult to realize while using Kong; instead, iQIYI used the prefix NGINX to do HTTPS offload. After migrating to Apache APISIX, iQIYI successfully implemented this feature on Apache APISIX, which **saves one more tier transferring over the link**.

In terms of [rate-limiting](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/apisix/plugins/limit-count/), apart from basic rate-limiting functionalities, **precise rate-limiting and rate-limiting against user granularity were also implemented**. For the authentication, **specialized services for passport authentication** were provided. Moreover, iQIYI can access the company's WAF security cloud to filter out the underground industry.

**Monitoring alarm functionality is achieved by using Apache APISIX's built-in plugin - [Prometheus](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/apisix/next/plugins/prometheus/)**, and indicator data will be directly sent to the company's monitor system. Apache APISIX also supports iQIYI with **logging and trace analysis services**.

### Achievement 3: Established dynamic service discovery updating process

Regarding the service discovery mentioned above, it mainly registers services to Consul clusters via the service center and then uses DNS service discovery to update them dynamically. QAE in the graph is a microservice platform used internally in our company. **Let's use an example to briefly demonstrate the process of updating instances.**

When updating the instances, we will first log out corresponding nodes from Consul and send updating DNS cache requests to the gateway via the API gateway controller. When the cache has been successfully updated, the controller will send back requests to the QAE platform to stop all associated backend application nodes to avoid reforwarding traffic to any offline nodes.

![iQIYI's dynamic service discovery updating process](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/12/02/63897fa31ff83.jpeg)

### Achievement 4: Improved directional routes capability

The gateway has multi-site deployments, and a full set of multi-site backup links was built up in advance. Besides that, Cong also suggests users have multi-site nearest-access deployments for their backend service. Thus, users could create an API service in the Skywalker gateway platform, and the controller would deploy API routes to all DC gateway clusters. Meanwhile, the service domain's default CNAME will be routed to a unified gateway domain name.

**Apache APISIX could directly provide service with nearest-access multi-site deployments and failover capability for disaster recovery and supports custom routes resolution defined by users.** Furthermore, users could customize the configuration of route resolution through the UUID domain name if they need failover, blue-green deployment, and canary release. Additionally, **Apache APISIX also supports the custom scheduling of backend service recovery**.

![iQIYI's directional routes diagram](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/12/02/63898546bd508.jpeg)

### Achievement 5: Improved multi-site & multi-level disaster tolerance

In order to handle situations like large traffic, tons of clusters, and a wide audience of clients, iQIYI requires access to the nearest service and disaster recovery at the operational level.

**In addition to multi-site and multi-link backups for disaster recovery, iQIYI still needs to consider the issues about multi-level and multi-node situations. APISIX helps with this.** The clients are closer to the dead nodes, the more significant impacts on the business and traffic.

1. If the farthest backend service node is down, iQIYI could achieve the single node cutoff or failover of dead DC through the service center and gateway health check mechanism. Thus, the impact would be limited to specific services, affecting no users.
2. If the gateway is down, then iQIYI could use L4 DPVS's health check mechanism to cut off failed gateway nodes, and the impact is relatively small, affecting no users.
3. If the above circuit breaker measures cannot repair the dead node, then iQIYI could achieve automatic failover in DNS through domain name granularity's multi-node usability dail test in the extranet. However, this method is relatively slow and could impact many other services, and users could be aware of this.

## iQIYI's Future Plan

In the integration with APISIX, iQIYI is trying to optimize some issues to fit its business better.

1. Considering the possible bottlenecks of some dependent components, such as etcd, Prometheus monitor, and logging service, **iQIYI plans to use a hybrid deployment method. That is: sharing information inside large clusters and keeping small clusters independent.** For example, the vital services will be deployed with the small clusters.

2. More **corresponding reduction and optimization for Prometheus monitoring metrics** will be conducted, especially for DNS service discovery.

> Cong said, "We hope Apache APISIX can support more features and maintain excellent performance efficiency as well as stability in future developments and updates."

## Looking for APISIX support?

Do you want to accelerate your development with confidence like iQIYI? To maximize APISIX support, you need API7. We provide in-depth support for APISIX and API management solutions based on your needs!

Contact us whenever you want: [https://api7.ai/contact](https://api7.ai/contact).


iQIYI's technical team compares APISIX with Kong, and updates and integrates iQIYI's infrastructure to successfully build a bran-new API gateway.

iQIYI Unlocks API Gateway Innovation with Apache APISIX


## Overview

As a world-leading enterprise-level consortium blockchain infrastructure supplier and solution provider, [Hyperchain Technologies](https://www.hyperchain.cn/en/about/company) is committed to building innovative infrastructure and empowering the digital development of society. During its rapid growth, Hyperchain met a lot of problems when establishing its Hyperchain blockchain platform, as follows:

- No standardized traffic management with the potential risk of system collapse
- Incomplete security control and authentication management
- Inconvenient permission control
- High cost on public network IP addresses
- Unstable blockchain nodes: single node vulnerable to being attacked
- Lack of unified management of multiple protocols

Hyperchain tried Kong and NGINX, but unfortunately, they can’t satisfy Hyperchain’s business scenarios. **However, after adopting Apache APISIX, all the problems mentioned above are solved, endowing the Hyperchain blockchain platform with endless vitality.**

### About Hyperchain Blockchain Platform

Hyperchain blockchain platform refers to embedding the blockchain framework into the cloud computing platform, taking advantage of cloud service infrastructure’s deployment and management advantages. It is an open blockchain platform that can provide developers with a convenient and high-performance blockchain ecosystem and related support services and also support developers’ business expansion and operation in web3.

**Hyperchain blockchain platform can build the blockchain network quickly and flexibly. With the platform, enterprises can manage the blockchain business uniformly.** For example, through the platform, we can sign contracts on the integrated development environment and then deploy the contracts to our created blockchain network. The upper service module can call blockchain-related contracts to continue the business process.

As there are many nodes in the chain, ranging from dozens to thousands, it becomes difficult for us to monitor and maintain the operation of the chain without the support of the platform. **By using the Hyperchain blockchain platform, users can not only save costs but also manage the blockchain more conveniently and enhance the security of the entire system.**

Let’s take Hyperchain as an example to figure out how and why blockchain companies should select Apache APISIX among many API gateways. Below we will analyze APISIX’s application in both the Hyperchain blockchain platform and blockchain node.

## APISIX’s Application in the Hyperchain Blockchain Platform

Below is an application interaction diagram of APISIX in the Hyperchain blockchain platform. The backend service registers the service information with etcd according to its business characteristics and then registers the service with APISIX by the route registration module.

APISIX works as the unified entry of internal microservices in the system. External requests are first sent to APISIX; then, they visit the access layer through the API after passing the authentication and later visit the core services through RPC (remote procedure call).

![Hyperchain application interaction diagram](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/15/637335a53d73c.png)

### Route Forwarding

Sometimes, the APIs are expected to be exposed under the same domain name. In this case, we can add some prefixes to the API path of the same service, such as `/baas-core` or `/baas-other`. When the client requests these APIs, the API gateway needs to strip these added prefixes and then forward the request to the backend service. APISIX’s [proxy-rewrite plugin](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/apisix/plugins/proxy-rewrite/) can help us to handle such cases conveniently.

For example:
When visit: http://apisix:8080/baas-{service}/api/v1/…
The request can be forwarded to http://{service}/api/v1/…
by writing a regular expression: `^/baas-core/(.*)$,/$1`

![proxy-rewrite plugin edit](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/15/637335b538dc0.png)

### Traffic Limit Management

Users can choose consortium blockchains according to their needs, not only that of Hyperchain but also IBM data Fabric, Baidu XuperChain, etc. Therefore, Hyperchain needs to conduct lifecycle management of all the consortium blockchains in the system.

When creating a consortium chain, Hyperchain only needs to write the hard code on the blockchain platform and upload the pluggable drive components to the blockchain platform for calling to create the consortium chain. In some private deployment cases, the pluggable drive components can support fastly.

Every call to the drive components is a process that needs to be limited, especially when the number is great. Consequently, APISIX’s [limit-req plugin](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/apisix/plugins/limit-req/) can be beneficial in restricting the traffic input and output of the platform to secure its stability.

The limit-req plugin allows customized configuration about rate and burst.

![limit-req plugin model](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/15/637335b790f49.jpeg)

### Security Control and Authority Management

To collaborate with APISIX, Hyperchain developed a plugin for private deployment circumstances. Party A often prefers to use its authentication services or service account system. When the frontend traffic visits the website, it will first go through the Access-auth plugin, and it can access the backend BFF (Backend for Frontend) only if it passes the authentication.

![Authentication process diagram](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/15/637335b994030.png)

According to the Restful standard specification’s three key factors (the authentication information, Restful path, and HTTP verbs like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, etc.), account-role-authority authentication is performed. If the authentication is passed, the user information will be returned in the header; if not, it will return to 403.

![API authentication path](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/15/637335bd3e080.png)

### Hot Reloading

APISIX offers [hot reloading](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/java-plugin-runner/hot-reloading/) of plugins developed internally. It saves time during development and enables users to change parts of their code without restarting the entire plugin runner. In this way, the developers can make adjustments to the interface in the backend, taking effect immediately, which is convenient and friendly for online release.

### Why not Kong?

Hyperchain had used Kong before but finally replaced it with Apache APISIX mainly because

- **High Deployment and Maintenance Cost**

    Kong cluster needs to cooperate with the Postgresql database and requires a specific database administrator for high availability. The cluster deployment of the Postgresql database is relatively difficult to implement and increases the cost of later operation and maintenance.

- **Increase the System Complexity and the Failure Rate**

    The Hyperchain blockchain platform uses My SQL database, resulting in two relational databases in the system if adopting Kong, which makes the system more complicated. It also increases the failure rate in improving the compatibility between two sets of databases.

## APISIX’s Application in Blockchain Node

![Hyperchain blockchain diagram](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/15/637335bfa08dc.png)

### Save Cost on Public Network IP Addresses

The user purchases blockchains through the Hyperchain blockchain platform. Then the upper-level businesses and developer clients can connect to the nodes. The services may connect to one or more nodes, and the users may access one or more nodes, which brings a problem: almost all nodes will be visited, burdening the visiting pressure of a single node.

It is relatively easy to handle in some private employment environments. However, too many nodes and public network IPs are required for those systems targeting internet users. The price of each public network IP of 4 megabytes of traffic can reach almost 200 CNY per month. There are thousands of nodes on the Hyperchains platform, which consumes high public IP costs.

APISIX manages all the visiting requests and distributes traffic to corresponding blockchain nodes. In this way, Hyperchain saved a high cost.

![Hyperchain's mode with APISIX](https://static.apiseven.com/2022/11/15/637335c23f4f8.png)

### Convenient Permission Control

There are various blockchains on the Hyperchain blockchain platform, and each chain has various complicated RBAC permission control. Therefore, different kinds of certificates are required to be added on the client side, such as TLS certificates, which also puzzle users.

At present, APISIX’s [key-auth plugin](https://apisix.apache.org/docs/apisix/plugins/key-auth/) can be used to solve this problem efficiently. Authorized users can directly access the blockchain without worrying about permission configuration, as APISIX unifies the underlying chain.

### Clustering Improves Nodes Stability

As mentioned above, the nodes are visited frequently. High concurrency exists in most bank users as the TPS (Transactions Per Second) can reach 40,000-50,000 times.

It turns out that a single node on the blockchain is vulnerable because each transaction will impact the visited node.

Hyperchain deployed Apache APISIX on K8s with the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler. Since APISIX uses etcd with good dynamic scalability, it can effectively solve the problem of single-point traffic impact.

### Support Multiple Protocols

The protocols of heterogeneous chains on the Hyperchain blockchain platform are diverse, such as HTTP protocol, Websocket protocol, gRPC protocol, TCP protocol, UDP protocol, etc.

APISIX supports multiple protocols, flexibly adapting to the underlying layers of different blockchains, thus reducing development costs.

### Why not NGINX?

It seems that Hyperchain can utilize NGINX to solve its problems. However, after the trial, Hyperchain gave it up because

- **Unsuitable for Dynamic Expansion**

    Hyperchain needs to add and delete nodes in the blockchain platform frequently, which can only take effect after restarting, which is inconvenient for developers. Besides, the developers must write complex rule code for plugins in NGINX’s conf file.

- **Difficult to Cluster**

    NGINS supports no cluster, which is relatively complex and unfriendly for users.

- **No Direct Support for TCP and UDP**

    NGINX can only proxy the 7-layer protocol rather than the 4-layer protocol and cannot directly support TCP and UDP protocols. Furthermore, the module is not compiled by default, requiring additional processing.

- **No Dashboard**

    There is no NGINX visualized interface, which is difficult for developers and operators to manage so many nodes.

## Summary

From the contents mentioned above, we know that Apache APISIX is a dynamic API gateway that can be applied in the blockchain area. Moreover, Apache APISIX provides rich traffic management features like Load Balancing, Dynamic Upstream, Canary Release, Circuit Breaking, Authentication, Observability, etc.

We hope APISIX can support more blockchain enterprises to enter another development phase.
Welcome to learn more about Apache APISIX.
You can contact us at https://api7.ai/contact.


How the blockchain unicorn company-Hyperchain uses APISIX, an open-source api gateway, to empower the Hyperchain Blockchain Platform to manage blockchain traffic in web3, mentioning the comparison among APISIX, Kong, and NGINX.

Apache APISIX vs Kong:
93x Faster & 200% QPS

APISIX vs Kong Performance Report

Looking for the best API Gateway?

Go for Apache APISIX

Community-Driven

Open-Source Project

Ultimate Performance,

High Availability, Stability

Developer Friendly

Apache APISIX vs Kong

Use Cases

How Does Zoom Use APISIX Ingress in Its Continuous Delivery Pipeline?

iQIYI Unlocks API Gateway Innovation with Apache APISIX

API Gateway for Web3: How APISIX Empowers Hyperchain

Ready to manage your APIs?

Apache APISIX vs Kong:.css-xkfnyc{background-image:linear-gradient(273.1deg, #153FFF 1.57%, #4790FF 118.62%);color:transparent;-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;}93x Faster & 200% QPS

APISIX vs Kong Performance Report

Looking for the best API Gateway?

Go for Apache APISIX

Community-Driven

Open-Source Project

Ultimate Performance,

High Availability, Stability

Developer Friendly

Apache APISIX vs Kong

Use Cases

How Does Zoom Use APISIX Ingress in Its Continuous Delivery Pipeline?

iQIYI Unlocks API Gateway Innovation with Apache APISIX

API Gateway for Web3: How APISIX Empowers Hyperchain

Ready to manage your APIs?

Apache APISIX vs Kong:
93x Faster & 200% QPS